| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Operation Sonnenblume ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Operation Sonnenblume
Operation ''Sonnenblume'' (''Unternehmen Sonnenblume''/Operation Sunflower) was the name given to the dispatch of German troops to North Africa in February 1941, during the Second World War. German troops reinforced the remaining Italian forces in Libya, after the Italian 10th Army was destroyed by British attacks during Operation Compass The first units departed Naples for Africa and arrived on 11 February. On 14 February, the first units of the 5th Light ''Afrika'' Division (later renamed the 21st Panzer Division), ドイツ語:''Aufklärungsbataillon'' 3 (Reconnaissance Battalion 3) and ドイツ語:''Panzerjägerabteilung'' 39 (Tankhunter Detachment 39) arrived in Tripoli, Libya and were sent immediately to the front line at Sirte.
''Generalleutnant'' Erwin Rommel took command of the new Deutsches Afrikakorps (DAK; the term ''Afrika Korps'' became a generic title in the English-speaking world, for all German forces in North Africa). Rommel arrived in Libya on 12 February, with orders to defend Tripoli and Tripolitania, albeit using aggressive tactics. General Italo Gariboldi replaced ''Maresciallo d'Italia'' Rodolfo Graziani as the Governor-General of Libya on 25 March and ''Generale d'Armata'' Mario Roatta, Commander in Chief of the ''Regio Esercito'', ordered him to put Italian motorised units in Libya under German command. On 15 February, the first German troops reached Sirte, on 18 February advanced to Nofilia and on 24 February, a raiding party ambushed a British patrol near El Agheila. On 24 March, El Agheila was captured and Brega was attacked on 31 March. The British failed to counter-attack with their tanks and began a retreat the next day towards Benghazi.
Once the British retreated, the tanks of the 3rd Armoured Brigade began to break down as predicted and were unable to prevent Axis flanking moves in the desert south of the Cyrenacian bulge, which left the Australian infantry in Benghazi no option but to retreat up the ''Via Balbia''. Rommel split his forces into small columns and harried the British as far as Axis fuel and water supplies allowed and managed to surround and capture a considerable force at Mechili, which led to the British retreat continuing to Tobruk and then to the Libyan–Egyptian frontier. Axis forces tried to capture Tobruk before the defenders had time to prepare its defences but failed and Rommel had to divide the Axis forces between Tobruk and the frontier.
The diversion of so many British units to Greece was the main reason for the success of Sonnenblume, along with the transfer of units to Egypt to refit, the appointment by General Archbald Wavell, the Commander in Chief Middle East, of incompetent commanders and his failure properly to study the terrain. The German ability to mount an offensive was underestimated and the capability, audacity and potential of Rommel to transform the situation was overlooked by Wavell, the War Office and Winston Churchill, despite copious intelligence reports from Ultra and MI 14 (British Military Intelligence). In 1949, Wavell wrote that he had taken an unwarranted risk in Cyrenaica, having formed expectations of the Axis based on the experience of fighting the Italian army; "I had certainly not budgeted for Rommel after my experience of the Italians. I should have been more prudent...."
==Background==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Operation Sonnenblume」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|